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There are eight euro coin denominations, ranging from one cent to two euros〔(Coins )〕 (the euro is divided into a hundred cents). The coins first came into use in 2002. They have a common reverse, portraying a map of Europe, but each country in the eurozone has its own design on the obverse, which means that each coin has a variety of different designs in circulation at once. Four European microstates which use the euro as their currency also have the right to mint coins with their own designs on the obverse side. The coins, and various commemorative coins, are minted at numerous national mints across the European Union to strict national quotas. Obverse designs are chosen nationally, while the reverse and the currency as a whole is managed by the European Central Bank (ECB). ==History== (詳細はeuro came into existence on 1 January 1999.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ECB: Introduction )〕 It had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s.〔 The Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with the euro). In 1999 the currency was born virtually and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate.〔 It rapidly replaced the former national currencies and the eurozone has since expanded further to some newer EU states.〔 In 2009 the Lisbon Treaty formalised its political authority, the Eurogroup, alongside the European Central Bank. In 2004 €2 commemorative coins were allowed to be minted in six states. By 2007, all states but France, Ireland and the Netherlands had minted a commemorative issue〔 * * *〕 and the first eurozone-wide commemorative coin was issued to celebrate 50 years of the Treaty of Rome. In 2009, the second eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating ten years of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In 2012, the third eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating 10 years of euro coins and notes. To date, only Cyprus, Estonia and Ireland have not independently issued a €2 commemorative coin.〔 * * *〕 As the EU's membership has since expanded in 2004, 2007 and 2013,〔 * * *〕 with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins from the value of €0.10 and above were redesigned in 2007 to show a new map.〔 Slovenia joined the eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta joined in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014 and Lithuania in 2015, introducing seven more national-side designs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「euro coins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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